基于arduino的5路循迹小车（1）
初步小车运动

1.硬件选用

1.开发板使用arduino 2560

2.电机驱动板使用 大功率电机驱动板（PWM由两个端子控制）

3.电源12V锂电池

4.降压板（需要降压给开发板供电）

5.直流减速电机12V

2.接线

12V电源直接给通过电机驱动板给电机供电
12V电源通过降压板给开发板供电
其余控制电路接线均按代码接线
（注意：12V电源接出的线因电流过大，需要使用漆包线，其余均可用杜邦线）

3.代码

int Left_motor_go1 = 24;        //左电机前进 AIN1
int Left_motor_back1 = 25;      //左电机后退 AIN2

int Right_motor_go1 = 22;       //右电机前进 BIN1
int Right_motor_back1 = 23;     //右电机后退 BIN2

int Left_motor_pwm1 = 3;       //左电机控速 PWMA1
int Right_motor_pwm1= 5;      //右电机控速 PWMB1
int Left_motor_pwm2 = 4;       //左电机控速 PWMA2
int Right_motor_pwm2= 6;      //右电机控速 PWMB2

void setup()
{
  //初始化电机驱动IO口为输出方式
  pinMode(Left_motor_go1, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(Left_motor_back1, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(Right_motor_go1, OUTPUT);
  pinMode(Right_motor_back1, OUTPUT);
}

void run(int left_speed, int right_speed)
{
  //左电机前进
  digitalWrite(Left_motor_go1, LOW);   //左电机前进使能
  digitalWrite(Left_motor_back1, HIGH);  //左电机后退禁止
  analogWrite(Left_motor_pwm1, LOW);
  analogWrite(Left_motor_pwm2, left_speed);
  //右电机前进
  digitalWrite(Right_motor_go1, LOW);  //右电机前进使能
  digitalWrite(Right_motor_back1, HIGH); //右电机后退禁止
  analogWrite(Right_motor_pwm1, LOW);
  analogWrite(Right_motor_pwm2, right_speed);
}

void  left(int left_speed, int right_speed)
{
  //左电机后退
  digitalWrite(Left_motor_go1, HIGH);    //左电机前进禁止
  digitalWrite(Left_motor_back1,LOW);  //左电机后退禁止
  analogWrite(Left_motor_pwm2, left_speed);
  analogWrite(Left_motor_pwm1,LOW);

  //右电机前进
  digitalWrite(Right_motor_go1, LOW);  //右电机前进使能
  digitalWrite(Right_motor_back1, HIGH); //右电机后退禁止
  analogWrite(Right_motor_pwm2, LOW);
  analogWrite(Right_motor_pwm1, right_speed);
}

void right(int left_speed, int right_speed)
{
  //左电机前进
  digitalWrite(Left_motor_go1, LOW);   //左电机前进使能
  digitalWrite(Left_motor_back1, HIGH);  //左电机后退禁止
  analogWrite(Left_motor_pwm2, LOW);
  analogWrite(Left_motor_pwm1, left_speed);

  //右电机后退
  digitalWrite(Right_motor_go1, HIGH );   //右电机前进禁止
  digitalWrite(Right_motor_back1,LOW); //右电机后退禁止
  analogWrite(Right_motor_pwm2, right_speed);
  analogWrite(Right_motor_pwm1, LOW );

}

void back(int left_speed, int right_speed)
{
  //左电机后退
  digitalWrite(Left_motor_go1, HIGH);   //左电机前进禁止
  digitalWrite(Left_motor_back1, LOW);  //左电机后退使能
  analogWrite(Left_motor_pwm1, left_speed);
  analogWrite(Left_motor_pwm2, LOW);
  //右电机后退
  digitalWrite(Right_motor_go1, HIGH);  //右电机前进禁止
  digitalWrite(Right_motor_back1, LOW); //右电机后退使能
  analogWrite(Right_motor_pwm1, right_speed);
  analogWrite(Right_motor_pwm2, LOW);
}

void bank(int left_speed, int right_speed)//惯性停车
{
  //左电机空
  digitalWrite(Left_motor_go1, LOW);   //左电机前进禁止
  digitalWrite(Left_motor_back1, LOW);  //左电机后退禁止
  analogWrite(Left_motor_pwm1, left_speed);
  analogWrite(Left_motor_pwm2, left_speed);

  //右电机空
  digitalWrite(Right_motor_go1, LOW);   //右电机前进禁止
  digitalWrite(Right_motor_back1,LOW); //右电机后退禁止
  analogWrite(Right_motor_pwm1, right_speed);
  analogWrite(Right_motor_pwm2, right_speed);
}
void loop()
{

}

4.测试小车

在loop中输入需要测试的小车运行状态
1.若电机转向相反，请检查接线
2.运行时有剧烈抖动或电机发出较大异响，请使用万用表排查问题