ubuntu18.04+ORB_SLAM2安装

1.安装Pangolin ,作为可视化和用户界面

sudo apt-get install libglew-dev libpython2.7-dev

版本下载v0.5的版本,不然后面会报错 去官网下载包

 cd Pangolin
 mkdir build
 cd build
 cmake ..
 make –j
 sudo make install

2 安装OpenCV ,用于处理图像和特征

要求版本最低为2.4.3,并在OpenCV 2.4.11和OpenCV 3.2上做了测试。
注意:这里的版本问题非常重要,不同的版本号可能会不兼容,会出现各种错误,只能重新编译,对没有经验的开发者还会花费大量的时间寻找错误和解决问题。
在本次实验中,我首次使用的OpenCV 3.2,但是最后出现了错误,改用OpenCV 2.4.11后成功。
2023.7.20 Opencv3.2也是可以的!

sudo apt-get install build-essential
sudo apt-get install cmake git libgtk2.0-dev pkg-config libavcodec-dev libavformat-dev libswscale-dev

在OpenCV官网(http://opencv.org)下载OpenCV 2.4.11的source版本,然后解压到本地

可能遇到的错误:
1.

CMake Error at cmake/OpenCVDetectCXXCompiler.cmake:89 (math):
  math cannot parse the expression: "*100 + ": syntax error, unexpected

将OpenCVDetectCXXCompiler.cmake的内容替换为如下:

    # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    # Detect Microsoft compiler:
    # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    if(CMAKE_CL_64)
        set(MSVC64 1)
    endif()

    if(CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "Clang")
      set(CMAKE_COMPILER_IS_GNUCXX 1)
      set(CMAKE_COMPILER_IS_CLANGCXX 1)
    endif()
    if(CMAKE_C_COMPILER_ID STREQUAL "Clang")
      set(CMAKE_COMPILER_IS_GNUCC 1)
      set(CMAKE_COMPILER_IS_CLANGCC 1)
    endif()
    if("${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER};${CMAKE_C_COMPILER}" MATCHES "ccache")
      set(CMAKE_COMPILER_IS_CCACHE 1)
    endif()

    # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    # Detect Intel ICC compiler -- for -fPIC in 3rdparty ( UNIX ONLY ):
    #  see  include/opencv/cxtypes.h file for related   ICC & CV_ICC defines.
    # NOTE: The system needs to determine if the '-fPIC' option needs to be added
    #  for the 3rdparty static libs being compiled.  The CMakeLists.txt files
    #  in 3rdparty use the CV_ICC definition being set here to determine if
    #  the -fPIC flag should be used.
    # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    if(UNIX)
      if  (__ICL)
        set(CV_ICC   __ICL)
      elseif(__ICC)
        set(CV_ICC   __ICC)
      elseif(__ECL)
        set(CV_ICC   __ECL)
      elseif(__ECC)
        set(CV_ICC   __ECC)
      elseif(__INTEL_COMPILER)
        set(CV_ICC   __INTEL_COMPILER)
      elseif(CMAKE_C_COMPILER MATCHES "icc")
        set(CV_ICC   icc_matches_c_compiler)
      endif()
    endif()

    if(MSVC AND CMAKE_C_COMPILER MATCHES "icc|icl")
      set(CV_ICC   __INTEL_COMPILER_FOR_WINDOWS)
    endif()

    # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    # Detect GNU version:
    # ----------------------------------------------------------------------------
    if(CMAKE_COMPILER_IS_CLANGCXX)
      set(CMAKE_GCC_REGEX_VERSION "4.2.1")
      set(CMAKE_OPENCV_GCC_VERSION_MAJOR 4)
      set(CMAKE_OPENCV_GCC_VERSION_MINOR 2)
      set(CMAKE_OPENCV_GCC_VERSION 42)
      set(CMAKE_OPENCV_GCC_VERSION_NUM 402)

      execute_process(COMMAND ${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER} ${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ARG1} -v
                      ERROR_VARIABLE CMAKE_OPENCV_CLANG_VERSION_FULL
                      ERROR_STRIP_TRAILING_WHITESPACE)

      string(REGEX MATCH "version.*$" CMAKE_OPENCV_CLANG_VERSION_FULL "${CMAKE_OPENCV_CLANG_VERSION_FULL}")
      string(REGEX MATCH "[0-9]+\\.[0-9]+" CMAKE_CLANG_REGEX_VERSION "${CMAKE_OPENCV_CLANG_VERSION_FULL}")

    elseif(CMAKE_COMPILER_IS_GNUCXX)
      execute_process(COMMAND ${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER} ${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ARG1} -dumpversion
                    OUTPUT_VARIABLE CMAKE_OPENCV_GCC_VERSION_FULL
                    OUTPUT_STRIP_TRAILING_WHITESPACE)

      execute_process(COMMAND ${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER} ${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER_ARG1} -v
                    ERROR_VARIABLE CMAKE_OPENCV_GCC_INFO_FULL
                    OUTPUT_STRIP_TRAILING_WHITESPACE)

      # Typical output in CMAKE_OPENCV_GCC_VERSION_FULL: "c+//0 (whatever) 4.2.3 (...)"
      # Look for the version number, major.minor.build
      string(REGEX MATCH "[0-9]+\\.[0-9]+\\.[0-9]+" CMAKE_GCC_REGEX_VERSION "${CMAKE_OPENCV_GCC_VERSION_FULL}")
      if(NOT CMAKE_GCC_REGEX_VERSION)#major.minor
        string(REGEX MATCH "[0-9]+\\.[0-9]+" CMAKE_GCC_REGEX_VERSION "${CMAKE_OPENCV_GCC_VERSION_FULL}")
      endif()

      if(CMAKE_GCC_REGEX_VERSION)
        # Split the parts:
        string(REGEX MATCHALL "[0-9]+" CMAKE_OPENCV_GCC_VERSIONS "${CMAKE_GCC_REGEX_VERSION}")

        list(GET CMAKE_OPENCV_GCC_VERSIONS 0 CMAKE_OPENCV_GCC_VERSION_MAJOR)
        list(GET CMAKE_OPENCV_GCC_VERSIONS 1 CMAKE_OPENCV_GCC_VERSION_MINOR)
      else()#compiler returned just the major version number
        string(REGEX MATCH "[0-9]+" CMAKE_GCC_REGEX_VERSION "${CMAKE_OPENCV_GCC_VERSION_FULL}")
        if(NOT CMAKE_GCC_REGEX_VERSION)#compiler did not return anything reasonable
          set(CMAKE_GCC_REGEX_VERSION "0")
          message(WARNING "GCC version not detected!")
        endif()
        set(CMAKE_OPENCV_GCC_VERSION_MAJOR ${CMAKE_GCC_REGEX_VERSION})
        set(CMAKE_OPENCV_GCC_VERSION_MINOR 0)
      endif()

      set(CMAKE_OPENCV_GCC_VERSION ${CMAKE_OPENCV_GCC_VERSION_MAJOR}${CMAKE_OPENCV_GCC_VERSION_MINOR})
      math(EXPR CMAKE_OPENCV_GCC_VERSION_NUM "${CMAKE_OPENCV_GCC_VERSION_MAJOR}*100 + ${CMAKE_OPENCV_GCC_VERSION_MINOR}")
      message(STATUS "Detected version of GNU GCC: ${CMAKE_OPENCV_GCC_VERSION} (${CMAKE_OPENCV_GCC_VERSION_NUM})")

      if(WIN32)
        execute_process(COMMAND ${CMAKE_CXX_COMPILER} -dumpmachine
                  OUTPUT_VARIABLE OPENCV_GCC_TARGET_MACHINE
                  OUTPUT_STRIP_TRAILING_WHITESPACE)
        if(OPENCV_GCC_TARGET_MACHINE MATCHES "amd64|x86_64|AMD64")
          set(MINGW64 1)
        endif()
      endif()
    endif()

    if(MSVC64 OR MINGW64)
      set(X86_64 1)
    elseif(MINGW OR (MSVC AND NOT CMAKE_CROSSCOMPILING))
      set(X86 1)
    elseif(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR MATCHES "amd64.*|x86_64.*|AMD64.*")
      set(X86_64 1)
    elseif(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR MATCHES "i686.*|i386.*|x86.*|amd64.*|AMD64.*")
      set(X86 1)
    elseif(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR MATCHES "^(arm.*|ARM.*)")
      set(ARM 1)
    elseif(CMAKE_SYSTEM_PROCESSOR MATCHES "^(aarch64.*|AARCH64.*)")
      set(AARCH64 1)
    endif()

    # Workaround for 32-bit operating systems on 64-bit x86_64 processor
    if(X86_64 AND CMAKE_SIZEOF_VOID_P EQUAL 4 AND NOT FORCE_X86_64)
      message(STATUS "sizeof(void) = 4 on x86 / x86_64 processor. Assume 32-bit compilation mode (X86=1)")
      unset(X86_64)
      set(X86 1)
    endif()

    # Similar code exists in OpenCVConfig.cmake
    if(NOT DEFINED OpenCV_STATIC)
      # look for global setting
      if(NOT DEFINED BUILD_SHARED_LIBS OR BUILD_SHARED_LIBS)
        set(OpenCV_STATIC OFF)
      else()
        set(OpenCV_STATIC ON)
      endif()
    endif()

    if(MSVC)
      if(CMAKE_CL_64)
        set(OpenCV_ARCH x64)
      elseif((CMAKE_GENERATOR MATCHES "ARM") OR ("${arch_hint}" STREQUAL "ARM") OR (CMAKE_VS_EFFECTIVE_PLATFORMS MATCHES "ARM|arm"))
        # see Modules/CmakeGenericSystem.cmake
        set(OpenCV_ARCH ARM)
      else()
        set(OpenCV_ARCH x86)
      endif()
      if(MSVC_VERSION EQUAL 1400)
        set(OpenCV_RUNTIME vc8)
      elseif(MSVC_VERSION EQUAL 1500)
        set(OpenCV_RUNTIME vc9)
      elseif(MSVC_VERSION EQUAL 1600)
        set(OpenCV_RUNTIME vc10)
      elseif(MSVC_VERSION EQUAL 1700)
        set(OpenCV_RUNTIME vc11)
      elseif(MSVC_VERSION EQUAL 1800)
        set(OpenCV_RUNTIME vc12)
      elseif(MSVC_VERSION EQUAL 1900)
        set(OpenCV_RUNTIME vc14)
      elseif(MSVC_VERSION EQUAL 1910)
        set(OpenCV_RUNTIME vc15)
      endif()
    elseif(MINGW)
      set(OpenCV_RUNTIME mingw)

      if(MINGW64)
        set(OpenCV_ARCH x64)
      else()
        set(OpenCV_ARCH x86)
      endif()
    endif()

2

/usr/include/c++/7/cstdlib:75:15: fatal error: stdlib.h: 没有那个文件或目录

cmake用下面指令

cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local .. -D ENABLE_PRECOMPILED_HEADERS=OFF .. -D  WITH_FFMPEG=OFF ..

3

[ 17%] Building CXX object modules/highgui/CMakeFiles/opencv_highgui.dir/src/grfmt_exr.cpp.o
In file included from /home/hri/MyInstallSoftware/opencv-2.4.10/modules/highgui/src/cap_ffmpeg_impl.hpp:60:0,
                 from /home/hri/MyInstallSoftware/opencv-2.4.10/modules/highgui/src/cap_ffmpeg.cpp:45:
/home/hri/MyInstallSoftware/opencv-2.4.10/modules/highgui/src/ffmpeg_codecs.hpp:104:7: error: ‘CODEC_ID_H264’ was not declared in this scope
     { CODEC_ID_H264, MKTAG('H', '2', '6', '4') },
       ^~~~~~~~~~~~~
/home/hri/MyInstallSoftware/opencv-2.4.10/modules/highgui/src/ffmpeg_codecs.hpp:104:7: note: suggested alternative: ‘AV_CODEC_ID_H264’
     { CODEC_ID_H264, MKTAG('H', '2', '6', '4') },
       ^~~~~~~~~~~~~
       AV_CODEC_ID_H264
/home/hri/MyInstallSoftware/opencv-2.4.10/modules/highgui/src/ffmpeg_codecs.hpp:105:7: error: ‘CODEC_ID_H264’ was not declared in this scope
     { CODEC_ID_H264, MKTAG('h', '2', '6', '4') },
       ^~~~~~~~~~~~~
/home/hri/MyInstallSoftware/opencv-2.4.10/modules/highgui/src/ffmpeg_codecs.hpp:105:7: note: suggested alternative: ‘AV_CODEC_ID_H264’
     { CODEC_ID_H264, MKTAG('h', '2', '6', '4') },
       ^~~~~~~~~~~~~
       AV_CODEC_ID_H264
/home/hri/MyInstallSoftware/opencv-2.4.10/modules/highgui/src/ffmpeg_codecs.hpp:106:7: error: ‘CODEC_ID_H264’ was not declared in this scope
     { CODEC_ID_H264, MKTAG('X', '2', '6', '4') },
       ^~~~~~~~~~~~~
......

cmake用下面指令

cmake -D CMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=RELEASE -D CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local .. -D ENABLE_PRECOMPILED_HEADERS=OFF .. -D  WITH_FFMPEG=OFF ..

编译过程会花费较长时间,电脑CPU性能较低的建议不要使用make -j,容易卡死;CPU性能较高的可以使用make -jx,x代表线程,可加速编译。

4
contrib模块错误

[ 96%] Building CXX object modules/contrib/CMakeFiles/opencv_contrib.dir/src/colortracker.cpp.o
/home/hri/MyInstallSoftware/opencv-2.4.10/modules/contrib/src/chamfermatching.cpp: In member function ‘void cv::ChamferMatcher::Matching::computeDistanceTransform(cv::Mat&, cv::Mat&, cv::Mat&, float, float, float)’:
/home/hri/MyInstallSoftware/opencv-2.4.10/modules/contrib/src/chamfermatching.cpp:969:30: error: the compiler can assume that the address of ‘annotate_img’ will never be NULL [-Werror=address]
             if (&annotate_img!=NULL) {
                              ^
/home/hri/MyInstallSoftware/opencv-2.4.10/modules/contrib/src/chamfermatching.cpp:1016:34: error: the compiler can assume that the address of ‘annotate_img’ will never be NULL [-Werror=address]
                 if (&annotate_img!=NULL) {
                                  ^
/home/hri/MyInstallSoftware/opencv-2.4.10/modules/contrib/src/chamfermatching.cpp: In member function ‘cv::ChamferMatcher::Match* cv::ChamferMatcher::Matching::localChamferDistance(cv::Point, cv::Mat&, cv::Mat&, cv::ChamferMatcher::Template*, float)’:
/home/hri/MyInstallSoftware/opencv-2.4.10/modules/contrib/src/chamfermatching.cpp:1111:25: error: the compiler can assume that the address of ‘orientation_img’ will never be NULL [-Werror=address]
     if (&orientation_img!=NULL) {
                         ^
/home/hri/MyInstallSoftware/opencv-2.4.10/modules/contrib/src/chamfermatching.cpp:1111:5: warning: nonnull argument ‘orientation_img’ compared to NULL [-Wnonnull-compare]
     if (&orientation_img!=NULL) {
     ^~
/home/hri/MyInstallSoftware/opencv-2.4.10/modules/contrib/src/chamfermatching.cpp: In member function ‘void cv::ChamferMatcher::Matching::computeDistanceTransform(cv::Mat&, cv::Mat&, cv::Mat&, float, float, float)’:
/home/hri/MyInstallSoftware/opencv-2.4.10/modules/contrib/src/chamfermatching.cpp:1016:17: warning: nonnull argument ‘annotate_img’ compared to NULL [-Wnonnull-compare]
                 if (&annotate_img!=NULL) {
                 ^~
/home/hri/MyInstallSoftware/opencv-2.4.10/modules/contrib/src/chamfermatching.cpp:969:13: warning: nonnull argument ‘annotate_img’ compared to NULL [-Wnonnull-compare]
             if (&annotate_img!=NULL) {
             ^~

找到opencv-2.4.11/build/modules/contrib/CMakeFiles/opencv_contrib.dir/flags.make文件
删掉-Werror=address
然后重新 make

3 安装Eigen3,它是一个开源线性库,可进行矩阵运算

$ sudo apt-get install libeigen3-dev

4 安装DBoW2和g2o

DBoW2是DBow库的改进版本,DBow库是一个开源的C++库,用于索引图像并将其转换为单词表示形式。
g2o是一个开源的C ++框架,用于优化基于图的非线性误差函数。
这两个库在ORB-SLAM2项目的第三方文件夹中,在此不单独编译,后续统一编译。

5 安装ORB-SLAM2

git clone https://github.com/raulmur/ORB_SLAM2.git ORB_SLAM2
 cd ORB_SLAM2
 chmod +x build.sh
 ./build.sh

问题:
1

ORB_SLAM2/src/System.cc: error: ‘usleep’ was not declared in this scope usleep(5000);

解决方案:
找到对应的System.cc文件的首部加入 头文件

include

需要根据实际情况,提示哪个文件usleep有问题,就去加这个头文件。
需要增加unistd.h的文件还有:
Examples/Monocular/mono_euroc.cc
Examples/Monocular/mono_kitti.cc
Examples/Monocular/mono_tum.cc
Examples/RGB-D/rgbd_tum.cc
Examples/Stereo/stereo_euroc.cc
Examples/Stereo/stereo_kitti.cc
src/LocalMapping.cc
src/LoopClosing.cc
src/System.cc
src/Tracking.cc
src/Viewer.cc