1.查找指向指定元素的迭代器
find函数主要实现的是在容器内查找指定的元素，并且这个元素必须是基本数据类型的。
查找成功返回一个指向指定元素的迭代器，查找失败返回end迭代器。

2.在数组中查找：

# include  <iostream>
# include  <vector>
# include  <algorithm> //注意要包含该头文件
using  namespace  std;
int  main()
{
     int  nums[] = {  3 ,  1 ,  4 ,  1 ,  5 ,  9  };
     int  num_to_find =  5 ;
     int  start =  0 ;
     int  end =  5 ;
     int * result = find( nums + start, nums + end, num_to_find );
     if ( result == nums + end ) 
     {
         cout<<  "Did not find any number matching "  << num_to_find << endl;
     } 
     else
     {
          cout<<  "Found a matching number: "  << *result << endl;
     }
     return  0 ;
}

3. 在容器中查找：

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
using  namespace  std;
int  main(){
         vector< int > v;
         int  num_to_find=25; //要查找的元素,类型要与vector<>类型一致
         for ( int  i=0;i<10;i++)
                 v.push_back(i*i);
         vector< int >::iterator iter=std::find(v.begin(),v.end(),num_to_find); //返回的是一个迭代器指针
         if (iter==v.end())
             cout<< "ERROR!" <<endl;
         else                //注意迭代器指针输出元素的方式和distance用法
             cout<< "the index of value " <<(*iter)<< " is "  << std::distance(v.begin(), iter)<<std::endl;
         return  0;
}

4. 函数find_if
find_if函数 带条件的查找元素，容器元素类型是类的时候，不能使用find函数，只能通过find_if函数来实现。find_if函数依次的遍历容器的元素，返回第一个使函数为true的元素的迭代器，如果查找失败则返回end迭代器

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
using  namespace  std;
template < typename  T>
bool  equal_3(T value){
  return  value==3;
}
int  main(){
         vector< int > vec;
         vec.push_back(7);
         vec.push_back(3);
         vec.push_back(8);
         vector< int >::iterator finda=find_if(vec.begin(),vec.end(),equal_3< int >);
         if (finda!=vec.end())
                 cout<< "YES" <<*finda<<endl;
         else
                 cout<< "ERROR" <<endl;
         return  0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <vector>
#include <algorithm>
#include <functional>
struct  Point
{
     int  x;
     int  y;
};
struct  PointFindByCoord :  public  std::binary_function<Point, Point,  bool >
{
     bool  operator () ( const  Point &obj1,  const  Point &obj2)  const
     {
         return  obj1.x == obj2.x && obj1.y == obj2.y;
     }
};
int  main()
{
     std::vector<Point> v;
     for  ( int  i = 0; i < 5; ++i)
     {
         for  ( int  j = 0; j < 5; ++j)
         {
             Point pt;
             pt.x = i;
             pt.y = j;
             v.push_back(pt);
         }
     }
     Point needFind;
     needFind.x = 4;
     needFind.y = 3;
     std::vector<Point>::iterator iter=std::find_if(v.begin(),v.end(),std::bind2nd(PointFindByCoord(), needFind));
     if  (iter == v.end())
     {
         // 未找到  
     }
     else
         std::cout <<  "the index of value Point("  << (*iter).x <<  ", "  << (*iter).y
             <<  ") is "  << std::distance(v.begin(), iter) << std::endl;

     return  0;
}

5. 容器中逆向查找：
std::map反向遍历，for循环

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <map>

int main()
{
    std::map<int, std::string> t_Map;
    t_Map[0] = "A";
    t_Map[1] = "B";
    t_Map[2] = "C";

    std::map<int, std::string>::reverse_iterator iter1;
    for (iter1 = t_Map.rbegin();iter1 != t_Map.rend();iter1++)
    {
        std::cout << iter1->first << " : " << iter1->second << std::endl;
    }

    getchar();
    return 0;
}

while循环

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <map>

int main()
{
    std::map<int, std::string> t_Map;
    t_Map[0] = "A";
    t_Map[1] = "B";
    t_Map[2] = "C";

    std::map<int, std::string>::reverse_iterator iter2 = t_Map.rbegin();
    while (iter2 != t_Map.rend())
    {
        std::cout << iter2->first << " : " << iter2->second << std::endl;
        iter2++;
    }


    getchar();
    return 0;
}